{"id":1981,"date":"2026-08-12T10:50:48","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T07:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1981"},"modified":"2026-08-12T10:50:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T07:50:48","slug":"sunucu-loglari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/","title":{"rendered":"Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nedir? Nas\u0131l Okunur ve \u0130zlenir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir sunucuda \u201csite a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131yor\u201d, \u201cgiri\u015f reddedildi\u201d veya \u201ce-posta ula\u015fmad\u0131\u201d gibi belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ekrandaki hata \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yaln\u0131z son sonucu g\u00f6sterir. As\u0131l olay; web sunucusu, i\u015fletim sistemi, uygulama ya da posta servisi taraf\u0131ndan loglara kaydedilmi\u015f olabilir. Do\u011fru kay\u0131t bulundu\u011funda sorunun ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hangi bile\u015feni etkiledi\u011fi ve hangi iste\u011fin hataya yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha somut bi\u00e7imde anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Log inceleme, binlerce sat\u0131r aras\u0131nda rastgele hata aramak de\u011fildir. \u00d6nce olay\u0131n zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve etkilenen servis belirlenir; ard\u0131ndan ilgili kay\u0131tlar ortak bir zaman \u00e7izelgesinde birle\u015ftirilir. Bu rehber, sunucu log t\u00fcrlerini tan\u0131man\u0131za, sat\u0131rlar\u0131 anlamland\u0131rman\u0131za ve g\u00fcvenli bir izleme d\u00fczeni kurman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0130\u00e7erik Ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131:<\/div>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Sunucu_Loglari_Nedir\" title=\"Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nedir?\">Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Hangi_Sunucu_Loglari_Izlenmelidir\" title=\"Hangi Sunucu Loglar\u0131 \u0130zlenmelidir?\">Hangi Sunucu Loglar\u0131 \u0130zlenmelidir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Web_erisim_ve_hata_loglari\" title=\"Web eri\u015fim ve hata loglar\u0131\">Web eri\u015fim ve hata loglar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Sistem_ve_servis_loglari\" title=\"Sistem ve servis loglar\u0131\">Sistem ve servis loglar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Kimlik_dogrulama_ve_mail_loglari\" title=\"Kimlik do\u011frulama ve mail loglar\u0131\">Kimlik do\u011frulama ve mail loglar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Sunucu_Loglari_Nerede_Tutulur\" title=\"Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nerede Tutulur?\">Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nerede Tutulur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Sunucu_Loglari_Nasil_Okunur\" title=\"Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Okunur?\">Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Okunur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Bir_web_log_satirinin_temel_alanlari\" title=\"Bir web log sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n temel alanlar\u0131\">Bir web log sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n temel alanlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Web_Erisim_ve_Hata_Loglari\" title=\"Web Eri\u015fim ve Hata Loglar\u0131\">Web Eri\u015fim ve Hata Loglar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Kimlik_Dogrulama_ve_Mail_Loglari\" title=\"Kimlik Do\u011frulama ve Mail Loglar\u0131\">Kimlik Do\u011frulama ve Mail Loglar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Log_Izleme_ve_Alarm_Kurulumu\" title=\"Log \u0130zleme ve Alarm Kurulumu\">Log \u0130zleme ve Alarm Kurulumu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Log_Saklama_Silme_ve_Guvenlik\" title=\"Log Saklama, Silme ve G\u00fcvenlik\">Log Saklama, Silme ve G\u00fcvenlik<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Adim_Adim_Log_Inceleme_Akisi\" title=\"Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Log \u0130nceleme Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131\">Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Log \u0130nceleme Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Sik_Sorulan_Sorular\" title=\"S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular\">S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Sunucunun_IP_loglari_nerede_tutulur\" title=\"Sunucunun IP loglar\u0131 nerede tutulur?\">Sunucunun IP loglar\u0131 nerede tutulur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Log_dosyalari_guvenle_silinebilir_mi\" title=\"Log dosyalar\u0131 g\u00fcvenle silinebilir mi?\">Log dosyalar\u0131 g\u00fcvenle silinebilir mi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-loglari\/#Loglarda_kritik_hata_nasil_anlasilir\" title=\"Loglarda kritik hata nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r?\">Loglarda kritik hata nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sunucu_Loglari_Nedir\"><\/span>Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nedir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sunucu loglar\u0131; i\u015fletim sistemi, servisler ve uygulamalar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen zaman damgal\u0131 olay kay\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bir HTTP iste\u011fi, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z giri\u015f, servis ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 hatas\u0131 veya e-posta teslimat denemesi ayr\u0131 loglarda yer alabilir. Her kay\u0131t mutlaka sorun anlam\u0131na gelmez; bilgi, uyar\u0131 ve hata seviyeleri sistemin normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Log dosyas\u0131 tek bir standart bi\u00e7ime sahip de\u011fildir. D\u00fcz metin, JSON, ikili g\u00fcnl\u00fck veya merkezi kay\u0131t sistemindeki bir olay olarak tutulabilir. \u0130\u00e7erik ve konum kullan\u0131lan i\u015fletim sistemine, web sunucusuna, kontrol paneline ve uygulama ayarlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu nedenle internette bulunan bir dosya yolunu do\u011frudan do\u011fru kabul etmek yerine mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rmada do\u011frulamak gerekir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hangi_Sunucu_Loglari_Izlenmelidir\"><\/span>Hangi Sunucu Loglar\u0131 \u0130zlenmelidir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Web_erisim_ve_hata_loglari\"><\/span>Web eri\u015fim ve hata loglar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Access log, web sunucusuna gelen istekleri; kaynak IP, istek zaman\u0131, y\u00f6ntem, URL, durum kodu ve aktar\u0131lan veri gibi alanlarla kaydeder. Error log ise yap\u0131land\u0131rma, dosya izni, upstream ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve uygulama \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma gibi sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Trafik analizi i\u00e7in eri\u015fim, neden analizi i\u00e7in hata kayd\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman birlikte okunur.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sistem_ve_servis_loglari\"><\/span>Sistem ve servis loglar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0130\u015fletim sistemi g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri yeniden ba\u015flatma, disk, bellek, a\u011f ve servis olaylar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Nginx, Apache, PHP-FPM, MySQL, SSH ve g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 gibi her servis kendi kay\u0131t kayna\u011f\u0131na sahip olabilir. Uygulama loglar\u0131 ise kodun \u00fcretti\u011fi istisnalar\u0131, i\u015f kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f API yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kimlik_dogrulama_ve_mail_loglari\"><\/span>Kimlik do\u011frulama ve mail loglar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Authentication kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oturum a\u00e7ma denemelerini, kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ve kaynak adresi incelemeye yard\u0131m eder. Mail loglar\u0131 mesaj\u0131n kabul, kuyruk, y\u00f6nlendirme, teslim veya ret a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \u201cLogin failed\u201d benzeri bir sonu\u00e7, parola kadar ba\u011flant\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc, hesap durumu veya servis ayar\u0131yla da ilgili olabilir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sunucu_Loglari_Nerede_Tutulur\"><\/span>Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nerede Tutulur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bir <a href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/linux-vds\/\">Linux VDS<\/a> \u00fczerinde kay\u0131tlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla \/var\/log dizininde veya systemd journal i\u00e7inde bulunur. Debian tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde Apache kay\u0131tlar\u0131 genellikle \/var\/log\/apache2 alt\u0131nda, RHEL tabanl\u0131 yap\u0131larda \/var\/log\/httpd alt\u0131nda tutulabilir. Nginx i\u00e7in \/var\/log\/nginx, kimlik do\u011frulama i\u00e7in da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma g\u00f6re \/var\/log\/auth.log ya da \/var\/log\/secure yayg\u0131n \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yollar kesin kural de\u011fildir. Sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 her siteyi ayr\u0131 dosyaya yazabilir; konteyner ortam\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 standart \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ya g\u00f6nderebilir. <code>journalctl<\/code> ile systemd servis g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri, ilgili servis yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131yla da etkin log hedefi kontrol edilebilir. Windows Server taraf\u0131nda Event Viewer; Application, System ve Security g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini merkezi bir aray\u00fczde sunar.<\/p>\n<p>cPanel veya Plesk gibi paneller baz\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 aray\u00fczde g\u00f6sterebilir, fakat t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar panele ta\u015f\u0131nmayabilir. Panelde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u00f6zet ile servis dosyas\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim eri\u015fiminiz yoksa sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131ya saat dilimi, tam zaman, etkilenen <a href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/alan-adi\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"domain\">alan ad\u0131<\/a> ve \u00f6rnek istek bilgisi vererek ilgili kesiti istemek incelemeyi h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" src=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma.avif\" alt=\"Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Okunur?\" class=\"wp-image-1955\" srcset=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma.avif 1672w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma-300x169.avif 300w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma-1024x576.avif 1024w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma-768x432.avif 768w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma-1536x864.avif 1536w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma-195x110.avif 195w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma-390x220.avif 390w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-okuma-1170x658.avif 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sunucu_Loglari_Nasil_Okunur\"><\/span>Sunucu Loglar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Okunur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00d6nce sunucunun ve kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n saat dilimini do\u011frulay\u0131n. Taray\u0131c\u0131da 14.05\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fclen olay, sunucu UTC kullan\u0131yorsa farkl\u0131 saatte kaydedilebilir. Ard\u0131ndan tek bir \u00f6rnek istek se\u00e7in: URL, kullan\u0131c\u0131, kaynak IP, istek kimli\u011fi ve birka\u00e7 dakikal\u0131k zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 aramay\u0131 daralt\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck dosyan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumak yerine olay \u00e7evresindeki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 incelemek daha verimlidir.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bir_web_log_satirinin_temel_alanlari\"><\/span>Bir web log sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n temel alanlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zaman damgas\u0131:<\/strong> Olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi an ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse saat dilimi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kaynak IP:<\/strong> \u0130ste\u011fin g\u00f6r\u00fcnen a\u011f adresi; proxy varsa ger\u00e7ek istemci farkl\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00f6ntem ve yol:<\/strong> GET, POST gibi y\u00f6ntem ile istenen kaynak.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Durum kodu:<\/strong> Sunucunun HTTP sonucunu \u00f6zetleyen 2xx, 3xx, 4xx veya 5xx de\u011feri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yan\u0131t s\u00fcresi:<\/strong> Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa iste\u011fin i\u015flenme s\u00fcresi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130stek veya i\u015flem kimli\u011fi:<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 olay\u0131 farkl\u0131 servisler aras\u0131nda e\u015fle\u015ftirmeye yarar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hata metninin hemen yan\u0131ndaki dosya yolu, s\u00fcre\u00e7 kimli\u011fi ve upstream adresi \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 mesaj\u0131n tekrar s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da bak\u0131n: tek seferlik bir uyar\u0131 ile her saniye olu\u015fan hata ayn\u0131 \u00f6ncelikte de\u011fildir. <code>tail -f<\/code> canl\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, <code>grep<\/code> belirli desenleri ve <code>journalctl -u servis<\/code> servis kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 filtreleyebilir. D\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dosyalar i\u00e7in uygun okuma arac\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak gerekir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Web_Erisim_ve_Hata_Loglari\"><\/span>Web Eri\u015fim ve Hata Loglar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>HTTP 4xx kodlar\u0131 genellikle iste\u011fin veya yetkilendirmenin sonucunu, 5xx kodlar\u0131 ise sunucu taraf\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterir; fakat kesin neden i\u00e7in error log gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin eri\u015fim kayd\u0131nda 502 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken hata kayd\u0131nda PHP-FPM soketine ba\u011flan\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yazabilir. Ayn\u0131 saniyedeki iki sat\u0131r\u0131 e\u015fle\u015ftirmek, yaln\u0131z durum koduna bakmaktan daha a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130stek hacmindeki ani art\u0131\u015f, belirli bir URL\u2019ye yo\u011fun tarama veya tekrarlanan 404 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 performans ve g\u00fcvenlik incelemesini ba\u015flatabilir. Yine de her bot trafi\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. IP engellemeden \u00f6nce proxy\/CDN yap\u0131s\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 arac\u0131s\u0131, istek h\u0131z\u0131 ve etkilenen kaynaklar birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Aksi halde payla\u015f\u0131lan bir a\u011fdaki me\u015fru kullan\u0131c\u0131lar da engellenebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yava\u015fl\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda eri\u015fim loguna yan\u0131t s\u00fcresi alan\u0131 eklemek de\u011ferlidir. Uzun s\u00fcren isteklerin ortak URL, y\u00f6ntem veya upstream servisi var m\u0131 kontrol edilir. Uygulama logundaki sorgu s\u00fcresi ve veritaban\u0131 kayd\u0131yla ayn\u0131 istek kimli\u011fi \u00fczerinden ili\u015fki kurulabiliyorsa darbo\u011faz daha kesin belirlenir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kimlik_Dogrulama_ve_Mail_Loglari\"><\/span>Kimlik Do\u011frulama ve Mail Loglar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u201c530 login authentication failed\u201d veya \u201clogin incorrect\u201d kay\u0131tlar\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ya da parola hatas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir; ancak hesap kilidi, yanl\u0131\u015f port, devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f protokol ve hatal\u0131 \u015fifreleme se\u00e7imi de benzer belirti \u00fcretir. \u00d6nce hesab\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve aktifli\u011fi do\u011frulanmal\u0131, ard\u0131ndan istemcinin ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 servis, port ve TLS y\u00f6ntemi kontrol edilmelidir. Parolan\u0131n kendisi loga yaz\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z giri\u015flerin kaynak IP, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve zaman da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 incelenir. \u00c7ok say\u0131da hesaba h\u0131zl\u0131 deneme otomatik sald\u0131r\u0131ya i\u015faret edebilir; tek kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n aral\u0131kl\u0131 hatalar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cihazdan kaynaklanabilir. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 giri\u015ften hemen \u00f6nceki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z denemeler de olay b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Mail loglar\u0131nda kuyruk kimli\u011fi, g\u00f6nderen, al\u0131c\u0131, uzak sunucu cevab\u0131 ve teslim durumu takip edilir. Mesaj\u0131n uygulamadan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131 sunucu taraf\u0131ndan kabul edildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u201cDeferred\u201d, \u201cbounced\u201d veya kimlik do\u011frulama hatalar\u0131n\u0131n her biri farkl\u0131 a\u015famay\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Ayn\u0131 kuyruk kimli\u011fini izlemek, mesaj\u0131n hangi noktada bekledi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" src=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme.avif\" alt=\"Log \u0130zleme ve Alarm Kurulumu\" class=\"wp-image-1956\" srcset=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme.avif 1672w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme-300x169.avif 300w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme-1024x576.avif 1024w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme-768x432.avif 768w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme-1536x864.avif 1536w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme-195x110.avif 195w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme-390x220.avif 390w, https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/log-izleme-1170x658.avif 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Log_Izleme_ve_Alarm_Kurulumu\"><\/span>Log \u0130zleme ve Alarm Kurulumu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Manuel inceleme tek bir olay i\u00e7in yeterli olabilir; s\u00fcrekli i\u015fletimde loglar\u0131n merkezi bir platforma aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 arama ve korelasyonu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Sunucular ayn\u0131 saat kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131, alanlar m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f formatta tutulmal\u0131 ve kay\u0131t iletimindeki kesinti ayr\u0131ca izlenmelidir. Merkezi sistem eri\u015fimi rol bazl\u0131 olmal\u0131; her kullan\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcm g\u00fcvenlik kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rememelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Alarm, her \u201cerror\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bildirim g\u00f6ndermemelidir. Normal taban \u00e7izgisi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra hata oran\u0131, belirli zaman penceresindeki art\u0131\u015f, bir servisin durmas\u0131 veya disk dolulu\u011fu gibi eyleme d\u00f6n\u00fck ko\u015fullar se\u00e7ilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin <a href=\"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/503-service-unavailable-hatasi-nasil-cozulur\/\">503 Service Unavailable hatas\u0131<\/a> say\u0131s\u0131ndaki ani art\u0131\u015f; PHP worker kuyru\u011fu, bak\u0131m modu veya upstream servis sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birlikte uyar\u0131 \u00fcretebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Alarm mesaj\u0131nda ortam, servis, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 zaman\u0131, \u00f6rnek kay\u0131t ve inceleme ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Uyar\u0131n\u0131n kime, hangi saatte ve hangi \u00f6ncelikle gidece\u011fi \u00f6nceden belirlenir. Yanl\u0131\u015f pozitifler d\u00fczenli g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmezse ekip bildirimleri g\u00f6rmezden gelmeye ba\u015flayabilir. Hedef daha fazla alarm de\u011fil, do\u011fru ki\u015fiyi zaman\u0131nda harekete ge\u00e7iren sinyaldir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Log_Saklama_Silme_ve_Guvenlik\"><\/span>Log Saklama, Silme ve G\u00fcvenlik<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Loglar IP adresi, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, URL parametresi ve bazen ki\u015fisel veri i\u00e7erebilir. Gereksiz veri kaydedilmemeli; parola, oturum belirteci, \u00f6deme bilgisi ve gizli anahtarlar maskelenmelidir. Eri\u015fim yetkisi g\u00f6revle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, kay\u0131t aktar\u0131m\u0131 \u015fifrelenmeli ve loglar\u0131n izinsiz de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran kontroller uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Saklama s\u00fcresi \u201cm\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar uzun\u201d \u015feklinde belirlenmemelidir. Yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, g\u00fcvenlik ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131, depolama maliyeti ve veri minimizasyonu birlikte de\u011ferlendirilir. Aktif dosyalar\u0131 elle silmek servisin yazma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bozabilir ve soru\u015fturma kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 yok edebilir. Boyut ve s\u00fcre y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in logrotate benzeri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme politikalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131; silme i\u015flemi onayl\u0131 saklama plan\u0131na ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Log b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de \u00f6nemlidir. Sunucuyu ele ge\u00e7iren bir sald\u0131rgan yerel kay\u0131tlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Kritik g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini gecikmeden ayr\u0131, eri\u015fimi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir sisteme aktarmak riski azalt\u0131r. Yedek ile log ar\u015fivi ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7ta de\u011fildir; arama, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck ve saklama politikalar\u0131 ayr\u0131 tasarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adim_Adim_Log_Inceleme_Akisi\"><\/span>Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Log \u0130nceleme Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Belirtiyi, etkilenen kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131, URL\u2019yi ve kesin zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydedin.<\/li>\n<li>Sunucu saat dilimi ile olay\u0131n bildirildi\u011fi saat dilimini e\u015fle\u015ftirin.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130lgili web, uygulama, sistem, kimlik veya mail kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rnek iste\u011fi IP, kullan\u0131c\u0131, kuyruk kimli\u011fi ya da request ID ile filtreleyin.<\/li>\n<li>Olaydan \u00f6nceki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, servis yeniden ba\u015flatmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<li>Hata mesaj\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 saniyedeki di\u011fer servis kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirin.<\/li>\n<li>Bir hipotez kurun, geri al\u0131nabilir tek de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131n ve ayn\u0131 senaryoyu yeniden test edin.<\/li>\n<li>Nedeni, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ve izleme kural\u0131n\u0131 olay kayd\u0131na ekleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sunucu yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131ysa \u00f6nce yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131n planl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z servisler, disk dosya sistemi ve bellek olaylar\u0131 incelenmelidir. Ard\u0131ndan uygulama ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru s\u0131rada aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frulan\u0131r. Otomatik kullan\u0131c\u0131 giri\u015fi gibi bir belirti varsa kimlik do\u011frulama ve zamanlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rev kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca kontrol edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sik_Sorulan_Sorular\"><\/span>S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sunucunun_IP_loglari_nerede_tutulur\"><\/span>Sunucunun IP loglar\u0131 nerede tutulur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kaynak IP bilgisi genellikle web access log, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, proxy\/CDN ve kimlik do\u011frulama kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda bulunur. Kesin konum kullan\u0131lan servis ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Proxy arkas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek istemci IP\u2019sinin g\u00fcvenilir ba\u015fl\u0131ktan do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Log_dosyalari_guvenle_silinebilir_mi\"><\/span>Log dosyalar\u0131 g\u00fcvenle silinebilir mi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aktif dosyalar\u0131 do\u011frudan silmek \u00f6nerilmez. \u00d6nce saklama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, olay incelemesi ve servis davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 kontrol edilmeli; ard\u0131ndan d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ve ar\u015fiv politikas\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Disk acil bi\u00e7imde doluyorsa nedeni belirleyip kontroll\u00fc m\u00fcdahale yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loglarda_kritik_hata_nasil_anlasilir\"><\/span>Loglarda kritik hata nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Seviye etiketi ipucu verir, fakat ger\u00e7ek \u00f6nem etkiye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tekrarlanan servis \u00e7\u00f6kmesi, veri kayb\u0131 riski veya \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 etkileyen 5xx art\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek \u00f6nceliklidir. Tek bir \u201ccritical\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u011flamdan koparmadan zaman \u00e7izelgesiyle de\u011ferlendirin.<\/p>\n<p>Loglar\u0131 d\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde toplamak, bir sorun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk kez dosya yolu aramaktan daha etkilidir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in kritik servisleri, ortak saat ayar\u0131n\u0131, saklama s\u00fcresini ve birka\u00e7 eyleme d\u00f6n\u00fck alarm\u0131 belgeleyin. Ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek olaylardan \u00f6\u011frendik\u00e7e filtreleri ve kontrol listesini geli\u015ftirin; b\u00f6ylece kay\u0131tlar yaln\u0131z ge\u00e7mi\u015fi anlatan dosyalar de\u011fil, operasyon kararlar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen bir ara\u00e7 h\u00e2line gelir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sunucu loglar\u0131 nedir? Access, error, authentication ve mail loglar\u0131n\u0131n nerede tutuldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l okunup g\u00fcvenle izlenece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1954,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1981"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1990,"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981\/revisions\/1990"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/verimin.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}